KLOW

KLOW is a research blend of four separately characterized peptides. BPC-157 is a synthetic 15-residue linear peptide (GEPPPGKPADDAGLV) corresponding to a partial sequence of a protein fraction isolated from gastric juice. TB-500 corresponds to thymosin beta-4, a 43-residue polypeptide of the beta-thymosin family that binds monomeric actin. GHK-Cu is the copper(II) complex of the plasma tripeptide glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine. KPV is the tripeptide Lys-Pro-Val, corresponding to residues 11 to 13 at the C-terminus of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. The blend is the GLOW combination with KPV added.

KLOW in the research literature

The peer-reviewed literature addresses each component individually; no primary study of the four-peptide blend was identified in PubMed. For BPC-157, cell-culture and ex vivo work has examined FAK-paxillin signaling in rat tendon fibroblasts and Src-caveolin-1-eNOS signaling in isolated rat aorta and endothelial cells. For thymosin beta-4, studies have examined G-actin sequestration, endothelial cell chemotaxis and a PINCH-integrin-linked kinase-Akt pathway in cardiomyocyte cultures.

For GHK-Cu, fibroblast-culture work has examined MMP-2, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expression and copper(II) complex formation. For KPV, studies in intestinal epithelial cell lines and T cells examined NF-κB and MAP kinase signaling, and uptake experiments indicated transport into cells via the PepT1 transporter. Findings for one component should not be read as describing the blend.